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Containing more than 100 cannons, this facility was originally one of three gun emplacements that guarded the mouth of San Francisco Bay, the other two being Fort Point and Lime Point; the U.S. Army graded the top of the island and placed the citadel with barracks there; a lighthouse also operated on the island early on, the first operational one on the Pacific Coast; Confederate and other military prisoners were held here during the last half of the nineteenth century; a subterranean disciplinary facility existed at this time, known as "The Dungeon;"

The U.S. Army tore the citadel down in 1909, and had military prisoners construct an new high-security facility on the site; this new facility was lent to the U.S. Bureau of Prisons in 1934 to house its "toughest cases;

PCAD id: 4124